• كل البحوث
• ارشيف المجلة
• العدد الحالي

Edition No

Volume No

تعرض القائمة ادناه كل المقالات والبحوث الاكاديمية المنشورة في مجلة مركز بابل للدراسات الانسانية ولكل المجلدات والاعداد . يمكنك تخصيص العرض من خلال اختيار رقم المجلد ورقم العدد لعرض قائمة المنشورات فيه او يمكنك اختيار عرض كل البحوث والمقالات المنشورة من شريط المهام الالكتروني الظاهر اعلاه . يمكنك الاطلاع على بيانات الخاصة بكل بحث كما يمكنك تحميل البحث من بشكل ملف من نوع PDF او عرض النسخة النصية .

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  11

  الجامعة العربية وامارات الساحل العماني 1945-1971

  Supporting the Arab League for the emirates of the Omani coast, 1945-1971     الناشرون : احمد يونس زويد الجشعمي Ahmed Younis Zuwaid Al-Jushami، ايهاب حسين علي حسينEHAB HUSIN ALI HUSIN     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 431-454    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : alehab446@gmail.com
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : الامارات، الاقتصاد، الجامعة العربية، الساحل العماني   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Emirates, Economy, Arab League, Omani Coast
  578
  Arab universities, cultural relations, nationalities and documents, roots, relations, social relations, the permanent headquarters of the League of Arab States in Cairo . The Arab League is working to facilitate the conduct of political, economic, cultural, scientific and social programs to develop the interests of the Arab countries through institutions such as the Arab Organization for Education, Culture and Science (ALESCO) and the Council for Arab Economic Unity. And to settle some Arab disputes, as I worked to support some Arab countries economically, as well as to stand by them to get rid of colonialism Subject to it, the Marat on the Omani coast was one of those countries that received good support from the Arab League in all fields to advance its reality and get out of British hegemony at the time. It has a more national influence than other countries, so the British worked to monitor the coming delegations from the Arab League with great caution and worked at the same time to restrict that movement by objecting to the projects proposed by the Arab League and placing obstacles in front of it, as it refused any direct aid from the Arab League To the Emirates and suggested that the university put those donations into the Omani Coastal Emirates Fund for financial support, just as a British woman worked to open a fund for the Emirates through which she would work to support it to reduce the Arab influence represented by the Arab League because she witnessed in those moves tendencies to get out of its narrow scope and join Arab countries Which represented support for it during that period when it was subduing under British control .
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  12

  ترجمة المصطلح اللّساني في الجامعات الجزائريّة- المصطلح الصّوتي أنموذجا-

  Translating the Linguistic term in the Algerian Universities - The Phonological Term as a model-     الناشرون : سميرة عبد المالك Samira Abdelmalek     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 409-430    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : abdelmaleksamira13@gmail.com
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : التّرجمة- المصطلح- اللّسانيات- الجامعة الجزائريّة   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Translation - terminology- Linguistics – The Algerian Universities
  577
  Linguistics studies the different areas of language in order to realize the scientific truth. The general linguistic researches tried to fix rules to study terminology. The phonological terms took an important place which makes it among the most difficult language concepts due to the conceptual differences and the multiple schools and reference as well as the different recruitment areas. The issue of translation has received considerable attention, and there is much talk about it in the specialized texts such as the linguistic texts which relies on specific terms that make from this science different than the others. Nowadays, the need for terms with its different streams and branches has increased just because they are the keys for science. Therefore, this study aims to stand on the reality of translating the linguistic terms in the Algerian universities. It focuses much more on the phonological terms consequent diversity of term on the university lesson, giving some suggestions to overcome the problems of translating the linguistic terms. From here came the idea of the research entitled: Translating the Linguistic term in the Algerian Universities- The Phonological Term as a model- 1/ What is translation, terminology, and linguistics? 2/ What are the implications of the term’s multiplicity for the university lesson? 3/What are the most important problems that face translating the phonological terms? And due the nature of the topic , it requires the analytical descriptive approach in order to achieve the aforementioned objectives. Accordingly we will talk about : 1/The definition of translation and its importance. 2/The definition of terminology and the consequences of its diversity on the university lesson. 3/The definition of linguistics. 4/Translation and the problems of the linguistic term. 5/ Examples of the translated phonological terms
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  15

  الممارسات التعسفية للأمويين اتجاه الموالي

  Arbitrary frequently asked questions of the Umayyads towards the Mawali     الناشرون : بثينة عادل عمران Buthaina Adel Omran     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 383-408    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : adelbuthainh2@gmail.com
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : عصر الرسالة، الخلفاء الراشدون، الأمويون، الموالي، العدل، المساواة   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : The era of the message, the Rightly Guided Caliphs, Umayyads, Mawali, Justice, Equality
  576
  The subject of the mawali is an important topic in the vicinity of films that represent a land and spread over a new area of land and were included in the conquests. Its great role in this increase of the mawali class is getting the prisoners and the slave girls, and talking about the spoils and that these captives have turned into drawing, drawing, drawing, drawing, drawing, drawing, drawing, drawing, drawing, drawing, drawing, drawing, and drawing, And draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, draw, sketch, Sketch, symbol, sketch, sketch, sketch. The state of the Islamic Arab Emirates differs according to the different power and type of government, as they enjoyed in the time of the Prophet and the Rightly Guided Caliphs on equality with other Arab society, but this soon changed power, as the Mawali suffered the most from what they suffered in the time of the Umayyads, they lost equality with the restriction. They were prevented from a decent and tender life, they were forbidden to ride horses, and they used to participate in wars, they were deprived of the spoils, and they were also deprived of imitating sensitive administrative and judicial positions and commanding armies, as they were called repugnant names, and they treated them with contempt and looked at the master and the slave. This persecution and arbitrariness of the right to the loyalists formed the search for salvation whenever the opportunity arose, which led to participation in the revolutions that took place against the Umayyads, especially the Alawite revolutions, the majority of which were justice and equality, and what the loyalists were looking for.
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  15

  دور مجلس الحرب في معالجة الازمات الداخلية والخارجية لبريطانيا 1939 -1944

  The role of the War Council in addressing the internal crises of the British people 1939-1944     الناشرون : يحيى كاظم حمود المعموري Yahya Kazem Hammoud Al-Maamouri ، فاضل حايف كاظم Fadel Hayef Kazem     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 355-382    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : fadl.iq876@gmail.com
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : مجلس الحرب، الأزمات الداخلية، الأزمات الخارجية، المانيا، بولندا، فرنسا   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : war council, internal crises, external crises, Germany, Poland, France.
  575
  After Germany attacked Poland on September 1, 1939, Britain prepared for that danger, so Prime Minister Winston Churchill announced on May 10, 1940 the creation of the War Cabinet, or the so-called War Council, which consisted of five members: Clement Attlee, Greenwood for the Labor Party, Churchill, Chamberlain and Edward Halifax On the authority of the governors. This council began its work when the northern French border was attacked by Germany, in which they destroyed hospitals and ambulances. As a result, the members of the War Council visited France on May 16 and 17, 1940 after the French Prime Minister Paul Raynaud appealed to British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, so he decided Members of the War Council, including Clement Attlee, need to support the 335,000 British and French forces besieged in the port of Dunkirk and save them from death or capture. They also made changes in the leaderships present there, including the dismissal of the Allied Commander-in-Chief, General Gamlan, and the appointment of General Wiegand in his place. On the inside side, the War Council was the government engine through what its members provided, headed by Clement Attlee, who was able to provide services to many British cities and neighborhoods. It was sabotaged by the German bombing, and among those services is the evacuation of schoolchildren, accompanied by their teachers and their families, to safer areas, as well as providing clothes and sheltering them in Northampton, Wales and Scotland, northwest of London, and allocated nearly 500,000 pounds as insurance for the risks of war. As well as allocating 100,000 homes to receive children and their families, so that the number of those evacuated from London to those cities on April 1, 1941 is approximately 435,539 children. During the years 1942-1945, Clement Attlee provided services, especially after he became Deputy Prime Minister, including his speeches at the Liverpool Club in northwest England, in which he emphasized that the battle is a spiritual contest between good and evil, and that Hitler embodied evil and injustice in the character of the German people and had speeches In 1944, stressing the necessity of setting post-war peace frameworks, because the future of Hitler and the Germans is dark and over, and the British government must adopt future plans and rebuild what the war destroyed by relying on the material and youth energies of the country.
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  13

  العلاقات والسياسات الخارجية لإمارات الساحل العماني في عهد السيطرة البريطانية 1939-1971

  Foreign relations and policies of the emirates of the Omani coast during the era of British control 1939-1971     الناشرون : احمد يونس زويد الجشعمي Ahmed Younis Zuwaid Al-Jushami,، ايهاب حسين علي حسين EHAB HUSIN ALI HUSIN     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 337-354    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : alehab446@gmail.com
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : ساحل عمان ، الخليج العربي ، الاقتصاد ، المصالح المشتركة   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : The coast of Oman, The Arabian Gulf, Economy, Common interests.
  574
  The important and distinguished location of the Arabian Gulf made it vulnerable to many of the campaigns carried out by the major countries in order to control its wealth, especially the emirates of the Omani coast, which had a privileged location in the Arabian Gulf, because of the trade that originated in that emirate, which made it the focus of attention of many traders because of the trade policy Followed by the sheikhs of the region, especially the Sheikh of the Emirate of Dubai Especially since it was a link to many neighboring and non-neighboring countries, and the successful trade made the Emirates of the coast the focus of British ambitions. As trade developed in the emirates of the Omani coast, such as small and large industries, those matters made Britain conclude treaties with the Emirates in various fields that showed the extent of the British administration s ambitions, although it began very early in its control of the Emirates as it realized the importance of the regios, As the British administration was working to manage the emirates of the Omani coast with what suits its interests and this was evident in its intervention in solving the border problems in which it supported one party without the other and changed it for certain circumstances that suit them at the expense of the other. The British administration also worked to support a trade that is considered One of the important sources and the first supplier to the Emirates of the coast because many of their leaders traded in that trade, and there were even ships working for them for that The British administration allowed it, as well as the emergence of oil exploration in some neighboring sheikhdoms, such as Bahrain, has a primary role in motivating the Emirates to invite companies to explore for oil in their lands, especially since the conditions provided by companies in the lands where exploration are very rewarding And there was strong competition between them, which called on the sheikhs of the Emirates to prefer other companies because the offers of British companies were not remunerative and non-competitive.
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  10

  الشخصية ودلالاتها في مسرحية "الأيدي الناعمة" لتوفيق الحكيم

  The character and its connotations in the play Al-aidy Naemah of Tawfiq al-Hakim     الناشرون : نعيم عموري Naeem Amouri، عباس رومياني Abbas Romyani     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 319-336    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : n.amouri@scu.ac.ir
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : الدلالة، الشخصية، الأيدي الناعمة، توفيق الحكيم   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : semantics, personality, Al-aidy Naemah, Tawfiq al-Hakim
  573
  There are many studies on personality in theatre, novels or stories, but rarely have we found a study on the connotations of heterogeneous personality in the theater, as there are developing, educated, intellectual, flat and secondary characters, which change according to the events of the play and are influenced by time and may also be influenced by time. The most important writer who highlighted the character s behaviors and gave her a place in literature is Tawfiq al-Hakim. Especially in Al-aidy Naemah because there is a shift from the past to the future, and there is a conflict between two periods of time, and the characters collide and the titles and behaviors clash. The research is based on the descriptive-analytical approach and the characters will be shown in their patterns with the study of time and place, and from the research concludes that the book integrated the times with the political events and social developments that took place in the 1950s and 1960s and emphasizes the qualitative shift in the system of pashoat and the system of faudalism in Egypt at that time, the research aims to show the way Tawfiq al-Hakim presents the character as a concept and an idea stemming from an independent history, era and culture. Al-Hakim wanted in this play to convey the dark past to the dark future of Egypt and wanted to show the bitter truth in this wonderful play that crowds out the main and flat characters, then he deliberately intended all modern characters in their various social diversity, including an engineer, a doctor and others to show the soft hands and tired hands in The tired society at the time, which did not see luxury to this day, then the writer turned at the beginning of his theatrical narration to the parallel culture of the Egyptian society, which requires raiding the working classes, and therefore the narrative of the play is centered with regeneration where the light of reassurance is not revealed in the working classes, and one of the characteristics of this play is its audacity to Transferring reality and extracting it from theatrical imagination to theatrical reality, and this is the art of Tawfiq al-Hakim.
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  13

  رسائل الأديب المقدسي خليل السكاكيني إلى ابنه في أمريكا 1931-1937 دراسة أسلوبية

  The letters of the writer Khalil al-Sakakini to his son in America 1931-1937- stylistic study     الناشرون : بنان محمد صلاح الدين Banan Muhammad Salah eddin     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 285-318    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : bsalaheddin@staff.alquds.edu
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : القدس ، خليل السكاكيني ، رسائل السكاكيني   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Jerusalem, Khalil al-Sakakini , The letters of al-Sakakini
  572
  This study aims to research in the letters of the writer Khalil al-Sakakini that he sent to his son during his studies in American universities 1931-1937 from the stylistic point of view. Guide his son. The study also discussed the method that he used to include his messages in poetry, folk proverbs and religious texts. These letters formed the basis on which the study relied,it was published by the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Centere and the Foundation for Jerusalem Studies and the Palestinian Ministry of Culture in three volumes during the period 2004-2006 under the title " khalil al- Sakakini Letters to sari in America ".And these letters came to be a literary, social and historical document that included valuable social ,historical ,cultural ,intellectual ,philosophical, political ,and economic information that is not available in any of the various sources and references.They were documents of historical value and recording important milestonses in his life in particular and the life of his community and society in general , in which his vision of the various topics he addressed was higlighted . In this study, the researcher adopted the descriptive approach in terms of collecting and analyzing information, in addition to the quantitative statistical . The study found that the most important of which is the wide culture that Sakakini enjoyed and the distinct educational views and ideas he used to promote with his son in an interesting and distinct manner.
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  12

  دراسة الفخر والحكمة في شعر الأفوه الأودي

  Studying pride and wisdom in the poetry of the Afvah Alaodi     الناشرون : حسين چراغي‌وش Hossein Cheraghivash ، طيبة فتحي إيرانشاهي Tayebeh Fathi Iranshahi، مسعود باوان ‌پوري Masoud Bavanpouri     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 265-284    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : cheraghivash.h@lu.ac.ir,fathi.ta@fh.lu.ac.ir,masoudbavanpouri@yahoo.com
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : الشعر الجاهلي، الفخر، الحكمة، الأفوه الأودي   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Pre-Islamic Poetry, Pride, Wisdom, Afvah Alaodi
  571
  Pride is a poetic and emotional purpose rooted in Arabic poetry because it has a close connection to the lives of people and society in the pre-Islamic era. And the pride of the ancient arts, and has an instinctive side tends to praise the virtues and Mkram and his presence in the literature of the pre-Islamic era is common because of the rivalry and rivalry between the tribes. On the other hand, wisdom in the pre-Islamic era is the result of useful experience, enlightened insight and intelligent mind. The most famous poets in the pre-Islamic era, and most of his poetry in pride, wisdom and equestrian is numbered in the wise poets, but most of his poetry boasts of his heroism and heroism in wars in which they won overwhelming victories. The Avoh may be a prominent example of the subject of pride and wisdom in the poetry of the pre-Islamic era, and he paid great attention to them and gave them great space in his poetry. The present research seeks to deal with the contents of pride and wisdom in his poetry, adhering to the descriptive-analytical method. The results of the research show that pride in the poetry of the aphoh takes two directions: the first is an individual trend in which the poet is proud of himself, independent of himself and no one else, and this trend goes in several axes towards the demand of justice and the right and the fighter. The second is that the poet should be proud of his people and their heritage of origin and glory. His wisdom is reflected in the contents of the union of the people, the belief in the Hereafter and the certainty of death and ...
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  9

  الأدبُ مع اللهِ في الإعرابِ في ألفيَّة ِالآثاري (828هـ) ( كفايةُ الغُلامَ في إعرابِ الكلامِ)

  To be Polite with Allah in Alfiat Alathari (Kifaiat Alghulam Fi Eirab Alkalam)     الناشرون : منى إدريس محمَّد مالك Mona Idris Mohammad Malik     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 241-264    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : monaidris424@hotmail.com
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : الآثاري ـ كفاية الغلام ـ ألفية ــ الأدب ــ خاتمة الفصول   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Alathari - Kifaiat Alghulam - Alfiat –Polite_ conclusion of the chapters
  570
  This research tackles the politeness with Allah in parsing in Alfiat Alathari (Kifaiat Alghulam Fi Eirab Alkalam), to be polite with the creator is a precious value of the religion that the scholars have stick to and care for it in their assemblies, one of the aspects of sublime politeness is the politeness in parsing the speech where the name of Almighty Allah is mentioned and to be polite with His book that falsehood cannot come from before it or behind it. Imam Alathari had followed the way of devotion and polite with Allah in parsing, and had been preceded by Ibn Hisham Alansari (761- H) and followed them Sheikh Khalid Alazhari (905- H) from grammarians and there are some interpreters have mentioned him such as Imam Altabari (310-H), Imam Alqurtubi (671-H) and Ibn Aashoor (1393-H) and Imam Alathari had surpassed them in this chapter because they did not mentioned it except in some few parsing points in their books, while he had devoted the end of his Alfia with a conclusion called it Khatimat Alfusool collect in it most of the problems that should be polite with Allah in the parsing for not to approach the magnitude of Almighty Allah or His holy book and this had not done by the owners of Alfiat such as Ibn Muti and Ibn Malik or others from grammarians. We have given special consideration to this important chapter which the Arabic language scholars have not detailed in it through our study to Khatimat Alfusool in Alathari Alfia. We followed in this research the descriptive analytical method to explain and study the grammar problems and morphological chapters which Alathari had point to must of being polite with Allah and His holy book in them, we begin first with an introduction to Alfia that had not found the enough famous among the students, so we tried to cast the light on it and define Khatimat Alfusool and showed its problems in detail and the method we followed in showing the problems is to make every problem under a subtitle that summarize its content, then mention Alathari saying from Alalfia and compare it to the sayings and views of the scholars and we may comment with some notes on it.
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  9

  بواعث الانكسار في شعر محمد بن عمار الأندلسي

  The motives of refraction in the poetry of Muhammad ibn Ammar al-Andalusi     الناشرون : انعام حميد ناصر Inaam Hameed Naser، هادي طالب محسن العجيليHadi Talib Muhsin Al-Ajili     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 219-240    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : arabicbabylon@gmail.com
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : بواعث، الانكسار، بن عمار، الأندلسي   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Motivations, Refraction, Ben Ammar, Andalusian
  569
  The motivation to say poetry among the poets is variable and not fixed, according to the poet’s psychological state, fluctuations and poetic moment, and according to the poet’s environment and way of life, and the life situations that he faces in which he raises the desire to form his images and choose the word. Here we are trying to discover the motives behind the production of the text in its language. In addition, standing on the phenomenon of refraction in the poetry of the poet Muhammad bin Ammar Al-Andalusi. This phenomenon has multiple motives that we tried to reach by extrapolating his poetic product. Moreover, it seems that the motives for this breakdown are manifold and varied, as it may result from fear of the ruling authority at the time, alienation and homesickness due to being forced. In addition to the enemies and the intrigues and plots that surrounded him, which ultimately killed him. Poverty and need were also a strong cause for breakdown because of the multiplicity of society in the era of Ibn Ammar and because he was from the deprived class, so he often resorted to begging in his poetry, unlike some of the poets of his time who were from the upper classes of society. In addition, imprisonment and being behind bars had both a motive and an emitter of refraction. As for the vicissitudes of time, they often irritate his feelings and remind him of the bliss of inferiority. In addition, the woman represented an emitter of refraction that differs from the rest of the emitters in his poetry. The poet was submitting, enjoying, and seeking this brokenness.
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  13

  دور حزب العمال البريطاني في معالجة الأزمات الداخلية 1922-1926

  British Labor Party members activism in handling internal crises 1922-1926     الناشرون : يحيى كاظم حمود المعموري Yahya Kazem Hammoud Al-Maamouri ، فاضل حايف كاظم Fadel Hayef Kazem     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 197-218    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : fadl.iq876@gmail.com
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : كليمنت اتلي، مجلس العموم البريطاني، البطالة، السكن   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Clement Attlee, UK House of Commons, Unemployment, Housing
  568
  After the First World War, Britain went through foreign and internal political changes and developments before setting a date for holding the British House of Commons elections for the year 1922. The Foreign Ministry included the treaty signed by the British government of Lloyd George with the Free Ireland State on December 6, 1921, which stipulated that Northern Ireland and its capital, Belvas, would remain in union with the British Crown. As for Southern Ireland and its capital Dublin, it enjoys freedom and autonomy, and this is what provoked the Conservative Party against the policy of the President The government was Lloyd George because he lost (the General Union Decree of the year 1800). As for the internal variables, they were represented in reducing the number of seats in the House of Commons from 709 to 615 after the cancellation of the representation of representatives for Northern and Southern Ireland, and in the face of these developments the government of Lloyd George was overthrown on October 19, 1922 and assigned To Andrew Bonarlo, who set November 16, 1922 as the date for the elections, which resulted in the Conservative Party winning 345 seats, and after them the Labor Party, which won 142 seats. Among its members was Clement Attlee, who won from Limehouse with 9,688 votes ahead of his rival William Pierce. Who got 7789 votes. The new session of the British House of Commons began its work by discussing the internal conditions and crises of Britain, including the unemployment and housing crisis, especially after the number of unemployed in 1920-1922 reached approximately 2170,000, or 13.1% in 1920, and increased to reach in 1922 by 15.2%. As well as discussing the housing crisis from which thousands of Britons have not been able to find homes, especially Limehouse, and in front of the appeals of members of the House of Commons, including Clement Attlee, the government has established approximately 35,380 homes for the toiling class of workers out of a total of 99280 who do not own a home. Members of the House of Commons discussed the unemployment problem and as a result of these appeals, Stanley Baldwin s government responded 1923-1924, which succeeded Bonnarlo, legislating the housing regulation that encouraged private companies to build quickly while employing workers to reduce the problem of unemployment. In order for the state to seek public ownership of the means of production and to push back the independence of the capitalists and thus the government agreed to raise the wages of miners to 30% and reduce the working hours to 48 hours per week after it was 56 hours and during the years 1924-1926 the British government took care of the issue of the electricity crisis by forming a committee The electrical energy within the House of Commons, which referred it to private sector companies in cooperation with the local authorities and with the Central Board (CEB), in order to generate electricity not only for lighting, but to operate machines and all devices in hospitals.
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  11

  تعديل السلوك الإنساني... واستراتيجيات استمراريته وبعض الاعتقادات الخاطئة عن منحى تعديل السلوك

  Modifying Human Behavior … And Strategies of its continuity, and some misconception about the approach of behavior modification     الناشرون : هدى عيسى إبراهيم الجبوري Huda Essa Ibraheem Aljubori     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 169-196    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : Dr.Huda.al-jubori@gmali.com
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : 1- تعديل السلوك 2- التعمبم 3- الارشاد 4- استراتيجيات 5- التعزيز 6- الاعتقادات الخاطئه 7- استمرارية السلوك . 8- السلوك المكتسب 9 - التدريب   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : : 1- Behavior modification 2- Generalization 3- Counselling 4- Strategies 5- Reinforcement 6- Misconception 7- Continuity behavior 8- Asquied pehavior 9- train
  567
  Counselling process aims to modifying undesired behaviors into learned desired be haviors and to make this process succeed ,these behaviors must be generalized. From here the importance of research which represented of maintaining the learned behavior and maintaining its continuity figured out . one of the goals of counselling is to help the individual to overcome his problems in a proper and organized manner and through which he can learn how to overcome his future problems and generalize this learning (behavior) . all that done through guidance and counselling programs that are designed and provided for patcents and all age groups by specialists in educational psychological counselling and vocational guidance , which cannot be separated because there are no clear and separating boundaries between them . they complete each other as the individual who is unable to adapt to the school, psychological and social atmosphere cannot choose a suitable career because he is preoccupied with his own problems that needs the use of educational guidance .The research presented (9) strategies and ingredients to generize learn behavior and maintain its continuity , including : 1- train and hope 2- aim for natural contingencies of reinforcement 3- train to generalize. In order to maintion the continuity of the behavior,we must not forget a main principle wich is that success creates greater success and an the other hand the research addressed the objections and criticism of the behavior modification approach because it refuted many of the basic assumptions on which most psychology theories are based. Inspite of the thousends of scientific studies that left no room for doubt ,the curative procedures presented by behaviorism are highly effective in modifying human behavior . this trend has been subjected to many misconceptions ,some of them: 1-The behavioral approach does not distinguish between human behavior and animal behavior 2- The behavioral approach ignores feeling and thinkin 3.Reinforcement and bribery are two sides of the same coin . It is useful to remember that the ultimate goal of the behavior modification process is for the individual to reach self-control by replacing nutural reinforcers and removing external reinforcers as soon as possible after the individual has acquired the learned desired behaviors. After many studies refute these accusations. The research reached aconclusion that behavioral procedures are not less effective than other treatment methods if not the most. The researcher recommended that the therapentic programs to madifu the behavior should include continuons strategies after treatment to maination the learned behavior , and suggested conducting applied experiemental studies that adapt these strategies in the fields : famils , schools , work and other fields.
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  26

  مدى ممارسة قائدات مدارس تعليم الكبار للقيادة الأخلاقية في الإدارة المدرسية

  The Degree of Practice Leadership of adult education School Principals in School Management     الناشرون : موسى بن سليمان الفيفيMousa Sulaiman Alfaifi، حنان بنت سعود الشمريHanan saud al.shammri، نوير مبارك السهلي Nouir Mubark Alsahli، وديان ماطر العصيمي Wedyan Matair Alosim، هدى عبدالله الشلالHuda Abdullah Alshalal     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 139-168    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : Alfaifim@ksu.edu.sa Hanan-saud121@hotmail.com,noormubark775@gmail.com,we_wa666@hotmail.com, Houda.education@gmail.com
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : قائدات؛ تعليم الكبار؛ القيادة الأخلاقية؛ الإدارة المدرسية   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : leaders, Adult Education, Ethical leadership, The school administration
  566
  The aim of the research is to find out the degree to which the leaders of adult education schools practice humanitarian principles (teamwork and mutual trust), and to reveal the impact of demographic variables on practicing humanitarian principles of female leaders of adult education schools. To achieve the goals, the descriptive survey approach was used, and the questionnaire was a tool to collect data. The study population consisted of secondary school teachers in schools that contain adult education classes, and there are 364 female teachers, and a simple random sample of 158 female teachers was chosen from each school. The study concluded that: the leaders of adult education schools practice the principle of teamwork to a high degree, from the point of view of secondary school teachers for adult education in Riyadh, and the highest phrases were: (The school leader thanks the collective and individual efforts, the school leader is keen to spread the spirit of cooperation).And that the teachers of the secondary stage for adult education in Riyadh agree to a high degree of the prevalence of the principle of mutual trust in the practices of adult education leaders with teachers, and the highest phrases were: (The school leader maintains work secrets, the school leader investigates the truth in her words and actions).In addition to that, the study revealed that there are statistically significant differences between the average responses of the study sample to the two axes of the questionnaire due to the years of experience variable, in favor of the category (five years to less than ten years). While there are no differences in the educational qualification.
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  14

  بنية الزمن في كونكان المجموعة القصصية لـ سعد محمد رحيم

  The structure of time in konkan for Mohamed Said Rahim     الناشرون : نوره عباس علي Noora Abbas Ali، فرحان بدري الحربي Farhan Bedri Al-Harbi     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 115-138    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : Narrator3a@gmail.com
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : البنية ، الزمن، الانتظار، الهروب   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : structure, time, waiting, escape
  565
  The research aims to reveal the structure of time that was evident throughout the narrative discourse. That rebellious structure and effective in embodying the life beliefs of the narrative subjects with acceptance and harmony. She came carrying between her two hands the two swinging dimensions of the human soul, namely (flight and waiting), which are the problems of eternal perception. The two themes associated with non-existence and non-existence, the extent of the ability to manifest and hide with the present moment data. . Psychological time, with its representations, constituted the controlling and controlling power of the narrative structure, so the narrative text tried to throw all the existential questions that cause anxiety, turmoil and alienation leading to flight or confrontation and indifference to the terrifying absurdity of the convulsions of memory, dreams, visions, and lost in the circle of the future without an answer. . The collection of stories / Konkan included (18 stories) distributed between long and short. It has an integrated comprehensive format, with its repeated and linked coincidences. We, through our critical analysis of the structure of time, are not going to commit to the critical data of the efforts of previous theorists of this structure in the conceptual and theoretical context of it, but rather we will employ what fits the structural context of the narrative texts. As our study focuses on the structure of psychological time, a linguistic statistical study, with its most prominent excavations (flight time) and (time waiting) without searching for the institutional framework for the narrative product. We divided the research into two topics. In the first, we searched for the concept of structure in its linguistic and critical connotation and the structure of time in the orbit, critical and psychological research, while the second research examined the representations of the adulterous structure represented by temporal flight and waiting time, and the conclusion in which we reached the most important results.
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  10

  دور المرأة العراقية في منظمات المجتمع المدني

  Role of Iraqi Women in Civil Society Organizations     الناشرون : وسام صالح عبد الحسين الربيعي Wisam Saleh AbdulHussien AL Rubaie، احمد هاشم جواد الحسناوي Ahmed Hashim Jawad AL Hasnawi     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 89-114    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : wissamsaleh50@yahoo.com, Ahmedalhasnawi1974@gmail.com
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : الدور، المرأة العراقية ، منظمات ، المجتمع المدني   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : The Role, Iraqi women, Organizations, Civil Society.
  564
  Civil society institutions are one of the most important guarantors and protectors of the concept of citizenship, as they seek to guarantee the basic rights and freedoms of individuals in all fields through their tireless work in crystallizing a community awareness that allows citizens to participate in government activities and pressure them in order to pass laws that are consistent with their desires, aspirations and aspirations. Therefore, I considered these institutions a prerequisite for building a modern state. Based on the foregoing, civil society organizations were given special importance in the establishment of the Iraqi democratic system after the year 2003, until it appeared to be an integral component in perpetuating the reality of the democratic transition process, and their role was further strengthened when their work paths were organized through the formation of a state ministry concerned with following up its affairs that covered All aspects of political life, let us find ourselves facing a tremendous momentum of organizations that all joined forces in promoting the positive values of an active Iraqi citizen in his society, and the reality indicates that the issue of Iraqi women and ensuring their rights were not far from the seriousness of the work of these voluntary organizations, which showed great desire for Granting women a symbolic role and position that allows them to overcome the difficulties they have always restricted their role and pushed towards retreat and lethargy, and this new women s movement had a role in proving the effectiveness of women towards ensuring their rights guaranteed by Sharia and man-made laws alike.
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  14

  ضوابط الإعجاز التشريعي في الجانب الأخلاقي

  Controls legislative miracles in the moral aspect     الناشرون : نبأ محمد حمزة الخفاجي Naba`a Mohammed Hamza Al-Khafaji     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 47-88    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : nabaaalkhafaji.la93@gmail.com
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : ضوابط الإعجاز ، ضوابط الإعجاز التشريعي ، ضوابط الإعجاز التشريعي التربوي ، ضوابط الإعجاز التشريعي الأخلاقي   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Miracles controls , Controls legislative miracles , Controls of educational legislative miracles , Controls of moral legislative miracles
  563
  This study is one of the important studies in the field of the Qur’anic miracles, especially the legislative ones. It is helpul for the researcher in Qur’anic studies to know the controls that govern and prove to him that the miracle of the Qur’an is legislative in terms of the educational and moral provisions that came in it. These can be summarized the study that it has given the status of human nature and the nature of the moral structure of human beings to be taken into consideration when the legislation of laws and moral judgments in the Koran, and this morality Quranic became a miracle, and add it the continuity and permanent , which promised importance in contemporary educational laws, with regard to By the legislative miracle and its controls that govern it, correct education and true morals have a great impact on building a Muslim. It is related to the human soul and its innate character. This study revealed the rules of the miraculous moral legislation, and thus we proceeded to divide the research into eight sections paving the way for a formal approach in the title of the research, and then the investigations for the controls of the legislative miracles in the ethical and educational aspect. The research concluded with several results, the most important of which seemed to us that the previous laws that I copied are broad and dominant, and this confirms that the legislation in the Holy Qur’an is complete and comprehensive for life with its general rules and comprehensive provisions and its references to other sources of legislation. Because these controls do not depart from the fundamentals of the Islamic religion, as they are inherent to them and an important condition that requires certainty in embracing them . Because it inherits tranquility and peace.
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  12

  الخطاب الحسيني بين معيارية اللغة وآليات التأثير في المتلقي

  Husseini Discourse between Language Criterion and the Mechanism of influence by Recipients     الناشرون : عبد الحميد حمودي الشمري Abdul Hameed Hammudi AlShammari     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 1-46    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : Abdalhemeed1963@yahoo.com
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : الإمام الحسين. الخطاب. التواصل. الإشباع. الاقتصاد اللغوي   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Imam Hussein.Communicative Discourse. Satisfaction. Brief.
  562
  Although the nature of the speech in the worde of Imam Hussein (?) is an informing one; it is intended to create a communicative information between him(?) and the recipient. We can see from the fact based on informing that seek making a request, though not explicit since it has a perlocutionary (effective) act, which seeks to raise the interest of the recipient and influence him. Among the factors influencing the recipient to locate, in the discourse, the aesthetic means that increase its impact in the soul, driving it to follow it and being motivated by it. It is a literary, creative, moral and disciplinary speech at the same time. We recognize that the speaker has an influence the meaning he wants to convey to the addressee by asking for a range of means to achieve this. These methods are hinting features that the speaker uses to express his positions and the signs of his discourse. At the same time, he reveals the tendency to expose oneself and gain comfort by expressing ones feelings. This research traces these features in the Husseini discourse and analyzes them to reveal the beauty the language, and the effect on the recipient at the same time. And these topics that the research examines, it appears that the language cannot be confined to the synthetic, use, or sophisticated structures mentioned by the linguists, and in other words, the research reveals that a language is a use whatever its form, as long as the linguistic community has accepted it and agreed to use it, then there is no meaning - then - for it to be limited to a usage without another, nor in a structure without another, as for the criterion of eloquence of speech Whether or not it remains a standard that reveals a grammatical opinion or a linguistic opinion in a specific linguistic environment, and within a certain historical stage as well, so in the general standard neither necessity nor a dialect is a dialect, but usage is the ruling
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  19

  فاعلية تقنيات الجيل الرابع للشبكة العالمية للمعلومات في ضوء استراتيجية التعلم التعاوني وأثرها على بعض مخرجات التعلم لطالبات كلية العلوم والدراسات الإنسانية

  The effectiveness of the fourth-generation technologies of the global information network in light of the cooperative learning strategy and its effects on some learning outcomes among the students of the College of Sciences and Human Studies     الناشرون : هالة خيرى عبد الغنى الجوهري Hala Khairy Abd ELGhany El Gohary     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 13-44    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : m_123mhady@yahoo.com
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : تقنيات الجيل الرابع - التعلم التعاوني - نواتج التعلم   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Fourth generation technologies - cooperative learning - learning outcomes
  561
  This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of the fourth generation technologies of the global network of information in light of the cooperative learning strategy and its effects on some learning outcomes of female students of the College of Sciences and Humanities. The researcher used the descriptive and quasi-experimental approach, and the research sample consisted of female students of the College of Science and Human Studies, where (10) students were randomly selected for the exploratory experiment. (40) students were randomly divided into two experimental groups that study according to the research variables and the experimental design for it. The researcher calculated the standard deviation, the arithmetic mean and its value (T) to demonstrate the significance of the differences between the mean scores of the students of the control and experimental groups in the post application of the achievement test, and the calculation of the arithmetic mean and the standard deviation and its value (T) to demonstrate the significance of the differences between the mean scores of the students of the control and experimental groups in the post application. The cooperation scale, and the results of the research concluded that the environment of collaborative e-learning through the e-learning platform (blackboard) provides for studying the lessons of an Islamic teaching methods course (2) throughout the day and the week and this represents an advantage for female students, as some students prefer to learn in the morning and others prefer in the evening according to The time available to them.
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  13

  المصداقية والتضامنية في الخطابات السياسية الامريكية تحليل خطابي نقدي

  Believability and Solidarity in American Political Speeches: A Critical Discourse Analysis     الناشرون : حسين محمد عبدالحسين Hussein Mohammad Abdulhussein     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 1-12    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : aldarajeehussein@gmail.com
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : المصداقية، التضامنية، الخطاب، التوازي، التلاعب   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : credibility, solidarity, discourse, parallelism, manipulation
  560
  This paper aims to study language as a means of persuasion adopted by the American politicians in their speeches. The linguistic choices made by the different politicians have created huge impacts in the minds of the people. The paper explores the uses of various parts of speech, figures of speech which when used tactfully by the leaders had different impacts on the masses. It investigates the use of combination of words used by world leaders of both the English speaking countries in order to influence and keep the audience hooked onto their speeches. This paper will thusly mean to research language in the space of administrative issues by examining the sorts of semantic instruments that government officials use in their addresses in order to develop credibility and solidarity with the group similarly as persuade them while also needing to uncover the political methods of reasoning kept up by them as appeared through their aimless strategies. The strategies used by politicians to motivate citizens by selective use of words always have a deep impact on the human minds. Particularly, the American leaders, in their speeches have articulated words perfectly to stir human interest and intrigue them to listen to them intently. This paper will utilize basic sources amassed from the web by getting to chronicled destinations for the United States , which contains transcripts of political locations. Further, it proceeds to analyses the use of the figures of speech used by the leaders of the country while citing explanations from various texts. The paper aims to draw a comparative analysis on the way semantic plays a role in the speeches of the politicians. The philosophy of using some defined structure are thereby presented by critically examining the speeches from the nation .
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---

• Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  302

  أثر استراتيجية الساعة الرملية في تنمية مهارات التذوق الأدبي عند طالبات الصف الخامس الأدبي

  The effect of the hourglass strategy on developing the literary appreciation skills of the fifth grade literary students     الناشرون : اسراء فاضل أمين Israa Fadhel Ameen     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 1
  سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 955 -988    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : israabasic@gmail.com
  الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : استراتيجية الساعة الرملية، تنمية، مهارات التذوق الأدبي، الخامس الأدبي   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Hourglass strategy, development, literary appreciation skills, literary fifth
  558
  This research aims to know the impact of the hourglass strategy on developing literary appreciation skills among fifth-grade literary students, and to achieve the research goal. The researcher followed the procedures of the semi-experimental research method, and the researcher chose by random drawing method the Shatt Al Arab Secondary School for Girls to represent the research sample, and in the same way she chose Division (A) to represent the experimental group whose students will study the topics of literature and texts according to the hourglass strategy by (35) students, and the division (B) To represent the control group whose students will be taught according to the method used by (34) students. Before starting the experiment, the researcher rewarded between the students of the two research groups a statistical parity in some variables, which are: (chronological age, parents ’academic achievement, intelligence, and literary aptitude test.), And the experiment was applied in the academic year 2018-2019. The researcher prepared a test in literary taste of the multiple choice type, and after verifying its psychometric properties, the researcher applied the test to the students of the research sample, and after processing the data statistically using statistical methods and the SPSS statistical package, the research found a statistically significant difference in the test of taste skills In the light of the research results, the researcher concluded that there is a need for innovative approaches and visions in the teaching of literature and texts that make the learner an active and positive future for knowledge in the teaching of literature, and to complete the research, the researcher suggested a set of proposals
  
  Full Text  |  PDF  |  Abstract PDF  | 

---