مجلة مركز بابل للدراسات الانسانية

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تعرض القائمة ادناه كل المقالات والبحوث الاكاديمية المنشورة في مجلة مركز بابل للدراسات الانسانية ولكل المجلدات والاعداد . يمكنك تخصيص العرض من خلال اختيار رقم المجلد ورقم العدد لعرض قائمة المنشورات فيه او يمكنك اختيار عرض كل البحوث والمقالات المنشورة من شريط المهام الالكتروني الظاهر اعلاه . يمكنك الاطلاع على بيانات الخاصة بكل بحث كما يمكنك تحميل البحث من بشكل ملف من نوع PDF او عرض النسخة النصية .

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الاسطورة والرمز في اشعار پروين اعتصامى
The legend And the symbol In notice Parvin Etesami     الناشرون : محمد مصلح مهدي صالح Muhammad Musleh Mahdi Saleh     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 989-1002    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : miraqmd78@gmail.com
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : الشعر ، االاسطورة ، الرمز ، الثقافي ، الدراسة ، الشعر الجديد   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Poetry, Myth, Mystery, cultural, study, new poetry Metrics
598
Myth, with its technical capabilities and vast data, is able to give poetry unlimited interpretive power.Myth is a symbolic image of the phenomenon of nature with a tangible and visible language to diversify his theories and give his works an imaginary and dramatic color, As if the poet is looking for a new tool to explain his thoughts and ideas in this way.Since the famous kings, heroes and legendary legends have excellent qualities such as strength, self-sacrifice, loyalty, love and agility, The poetess took her into consideration. Bruin tried to use myths, using characters and indirectly conveying her poetic message to the audience.All this led to the depth of his poetic experience, which led to the production of a great literary heritage that enriched the Persian Library in him.

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العراق بين النصوص التوراتية السامرية واليهودية دراسة مقارنة في علم اثار الكتاب المقدس
Iraq Between the Jewish And the Samaritan texts of the Pentateuch: A comparative Study in the Archeology of the Holly Bible     الناشرون : نهاد حسن حجي الشمري Nihad Hasan Haji Alshammary     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 973-988    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : nhaji@uowasit.edu.iq
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : العراق، المصادر التاريخية، علم الآثار، العهد القديم   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Iraq, historical sources, Archaeology, Old Testament
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Iraq is mentioned in a lot of historical sources and archeological records, especially in those written by the children of Israel whether Samaritans or Jews, the most important among these texts are the old testament texts. Some of these texts describe Iraq as represented by its kings who began from its land their military expeditions whose goals were to control large areas of the Levant land at that time. The name Iraq is associated, therefore with many names and only some texts such as the Samaritan Pentateuch, which differs much from the Hebrew Pentateuch, mention the name correctly. The purpose of the research is to provide texts written in old Semite languages that explain the meaning of the word Iraq in the ancient records through holding a comparison between the Samaritan Pentateuch text and the Rabbinic Pentateuch text according to the so-called the research approach in the archeology of the Holy Scriptures that investigates the historical events of the Levant through the Old Testament and the New Testament texts of the Holy Scriptures in addition to the Arabic translations and commentaries through which the children of Israel interpreted their texts and the most important of these is the Babylonian Talmud written by the Jews of Babylon and Jerusalem Talmud in Jerusalem. The Objective of the study: Providing a study that demonstrates the correct spelling of the word Iraq in the Samaritan Pentateuch text written in the old Canaanite script that differs from the Jewish Pentateuch written in the Assyrian square Hebrew script along with their Arabic translations and later relevant works. Furthermore, we shall review a combination of comparative verification and linguistic revision and historical accounts about the topic by applying the comparative archeological approach in the study of the holy Scripture historical.

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قمة موسكو 27-حزيران -3 تموز 1974 واثرها في العلاقات الامريكية – السوفيتية
The Moscow Summit 27-June-3 July 1974 and its impact on US-Soviet relations     الناشرون : منتهى صبري مولى المنصوري Muntaha Sabri Maula Almansory     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 939-972    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : sabri.sire@uobasrah.edu.iq
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : قمة موسكو 1974 ، منتهى ، الانفراج الامريكي – السوفيتي 1974 ، نيكسون – بريجينيف 1974 ، الوفاق الدولي   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : 1974 Moscow Summit, complete, US-Soviet detente 1974, Nixon-Brezhnev 1974, international accord
596
It is known that the international American-Soviet conflict began in 1947, that is, since the end of the World War II, and what is known as wars on behalf of the American and Soviet states emerged, such as the Arab-Israeli war, the Vietnam War and other wars that required the support of both countries to their allies and providing them with material and military aid, which led to the policy of the military arms race, and both countries began to equip their allies with weapons. This policy almost triggered the outbreak of the Third World War, if not intervened and avoided by Richard Nixon and Leonid Brezhnev. The policy of international accord began since 1969, whose main goal was to limit Strategic weapons. After the conclusion of the SALT1 agreement in 1972, the treaty still lacked some restrictions such as restricting missiles with warheads, ground tests and defensive missiles, in addition to limiting the number of US and Soviet forces present in Europe. Also, there are other issues such as the Middle East, including the agreement to hold Geneva conference, the European Security Conference, the Vietnam War, Energy, Environment and others. which required holding another summit to limit the strategic weapons in the two countries, especially since President Nixon continued the policy of international accord with the Soviet Union, which also needed rapprochement with the United States of America in order to meet its need for wheat and obtain Western technology, so it was decided. Another US-Soviet summit for the period June 27 - July 3, 1974, which was the third summit between the two countries.

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الآراء في نِسبة كتاب المقالات والفِرق للأشعري القمي
Opinions in the ratio of articles and difference to apical tracheal     الناشرون : زينب فاضل مرجانZainab Fadel Morgan ، محمود عبد عبد السادة Mahmoud Abd AbdAl- Sada     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 907-938    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : mahmoodabd79babil@gmail.com
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : الفرق الشيعية، سعد عبد الله القمي، المقالات والفرق، النوبختي   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Shiite sects, Saad Abdullah al-Qumi, articles and team, Al-Nawbakhti
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The finding of the book (Articles and Differences) by Saad Al-Ash ari Al-Qummi (died between 299-301 A.H.) sparked a discussion that has not ended yet, about the book’s ratio to Qummi, due to the many similarities between the book and another famous book published and known before it by Hassan bin Musa al-Nawbakhti (died between 300-301 AH). In addition to the many similarities between the two books, what enriched the discussion, and produced many opinions about the proportion of the two books, is that both classifiers are contemporaries, and the date of their death is close, and the date of the beginning - or the completion of - the authorship of both books is not known. The whole opinions that dealt with the percentage of the book can be summarized by two comprehensive opinions, one of which is that the two books are separate, one of them is less than another or quoted from a common source, and the second opinion: The book is for one of them and erroneously attributed to the other. The arguments and opinions that the holders of opinions put forward to confirm the validity of their opinions are reasonable, logical and accurate, so that one is confused about which to take and which to leave. And discussing such a topic, which contributes to the revival of the Muslim heritage of wealth in the field of authorship in sects and articles, and puts before the reader aspects and possibilities for the proportion of an important book that enables the choice of the most appropriate opinion in order to ward off blame and to guard against falling into error and misinformation, and from what was the results of the search for it confirms Muslims (Shiites) preceded other nations in writing in this field and wanted them to do so. The research was keen to present all the different opinions about the percentage of the book in an objective and comprehensive manner, so it presented the opinion of the Imams and the opinion of a well-known Orientalist and another by a scholar from among the general population, Dr. Abdel Moneim Al-Hefni, and mentioned his preference for one of these views and the reasons for the preponderance

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العلاقات العربية – التركية في ظل المتغيرات الإقليمية والدولية المعاصرة
Arab - Turkish relations In light of contemporary regional and international changes     الناشرون : احمد جاسم ابراهيم الشمري Ahmed Jassim Ibrahim Al Shammari     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 877-906    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : Dr.Ahmed@uobabylon.edu.iq,Alshamaryahmed545@gmail.com
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : العلاقات ، السياسة التركية، المنطقة العربية، المتغيرات، الاقليمية    الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : relations, Turkish politics, Arab region, variables, regional
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There is no doubt that the research on the subject of contemporary Arab-Turkish relations under the new circumstances of Arab, regional and international change is of particular importance, especially since these relations represent two strategic regions of the world. They represent the important aspect of what is called the term in the Middle East and in a regional and international environment. Have been almost permanent in both internal politics and international relations since the end of the cold war in the bipolar international order and the transition to unipolar US-led policy since the late 1980s and early 1990s From the last century until today .. Therefore, our research here seeks to know the reasons and the political and economic reasons and the military forces of the main actors in the region, and the supporting forces behind the policy, by studying the conditions and historical relations between Arabs and Turks, and try to know the constants and variables of foreign policy And the real balance on the ground. We are also trying to find out whether the new Turkish policy under the conditions of the new Arab change or what is called the (W) Arab Spring), based on national interests or based on the interests and other international agenda required to implement ... Why and how ??. These and other questions we try to discuss and answer them through research.

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الكرد والدولة العثمانية بين الانتماء القومي والولاء الديني
Kurds and the Ottoman state between national Identity and religious loyalty     الناشرون : هاشم عبد الرزاق صالح Hashim Abdul Razzaq Saleh     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 853-876    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : Hashim7070@yahoo.com
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : الكرد، الدولة العثمانية، الانتماء الديني   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Kurds, Ottoman Empire, religious affiliation
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There is an urgent need to re-read the history of Kurdish-Turkish relations away from any national or sectarian tendencies, and look for positive aspects in those relationships, just to strengthe bilateral ties, to secure the destiny of this region and the future of its people. Kurdish-Ottoman relations was an ancient one; it is back to 1514, when the Ottoman sultan (Selim I) made an agreement with the Kurdish princes, mediated by the Emir (Sharaf Khan al-Badlisi). The treaty gave the Kurds a semi- independent rule in return for fighting under the banners of the Ottomans. The Kurdish tribes played a major role in most of the battles that the Ottoman Empire fought down to the Crimean War of 1853 and the Russian-Ottoman War of 1877-1878. In addition to the Turkish War of Independence 1919-1922 and to the end of the First World War 1914. Despite the role played by Kurds in support of the Ottoman state, the Ottoman administration mistreated the Kurdish tribes and disregard their national feelings, this aroused bitterness among the Kurds and emergence of a number of armed Kurdish uprisings. The Kurds also established a number of societies to declare their national rights and autonomy. It is worth mentioning here that Sultan Abdul Hamid has recognized the importance of the Kurds for the Ottoman Empire and wanted to change his country s negative policy towards the Kurds in order to appreciate their courage, their adherence to the Islamic religion and their support for the Sultan as the Muslim Caliph. The formation of the so-called (Hamidi Knights) are evidence of his dependence on the Kurds. This led to the sympathy of many Kurds towards the Ottomans and established a spiritual and emotional ties between the Kurds and the Ottomans. This sympathy was clearly visible when the Ottoman Empire was exposed to crises and targeted by the enemies. In spite of the policy of cruelty adopted by some Turkish governors towards the Kurds, but to endanger the Ottoman state in response to the call of jihad declared by the Ottoman Empire, both when the Italian occupied Libya in September 1911 and with the British invasion of Iraq at the beginning of World War I. In Iraq, as an example, the Iraqis of all nationalities and sects fought the British troops, and the Kurdish tribesmen participated in this war. Hence the talk in this paper about the relationship of the Kurds with the Ottoman state, which was divided between religious loyalty as the Ottoman sultans Muslim leaders re-apply the provisions of Islamic law, and that the Ottoman Caliphate is an extension of the Islamic Caliphate, which dates back to the time of the first companions. Among the national affiliation, which evolved significantly after the overthrow of Sultan Abdul Hamid and the rise of the Union and Progress to power and their provocative attempts to the feelings of national Kurds, who responded to these provocations through the establishment of a number of national associations that have undertaken to achieve the national goals of the Kurdish people.

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مهارات تدريس التربية الفنية لدى مدرسي التربية الفنية في المرحلة المتوسطة في بابل
Art education teaching skills for art education teachers In middle school in Babylon     الناشرون : عوني هادي عبود الربيعي Awni Hadi Abboud Al-Rubaie     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 817-852    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : Awnihadi62@yahoo.com
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : المهارات التدريسية، مدرسو التربية الفنية، مهارة التخطيط للدرس، مهارة التنفيذ، التقويم   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : teaching skills, art education teachers, lesson planning skill, implementation skill, evaluation
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The importance and necessity of teaching skill appeared in many aspects; As the teacher s mastery of this skill facilitates the achievement of the objectives of the teaching process, the researcher found a lack of dealing with teaching skills in the field of teaching art education in general and studied drawing in particular, despite its importance and need, so the current research problem is determined by the following: . Some teachers poor knowledge of how to plan teaching.1 . 2.The weakness of the lesson presentation skills that the art education teacher must master, preparing for the lesson and diversifying the stimuli, and closing the "lesson 3.The Some teachers weakness in knowing the results of the evaluation process. importance of the research came to raise the level of technical education teachers ’skills in the following areas: lesson planning skill, lesson implementation skill, assessment skill. The aim of the research was "to determine the teaching skills of art education teachers in the secondary stage (middle section) in the General Directorate of Education in Babil Governorate." To verify the performance of art education teachers in the intermediate stage, direct observation adopted a method, because it is one of the most reliable methods for performance and behavior tests. To this end, a form for observing the skills of teaching drawing was prepared, after reviewing the educational literature and reviewing the objectives of teaching art education in Intermediate stage, and The observing the performance of a sample of distinguished art education teachers. researcher concluded the following results: (Weak acquisition of planning skills during the preparation period, middle schools for boys and girls are similar to academic capabilities, which makes the practice of art education teachers and teachers of art education skills similar because it is related to the degree of availability of school capabilities in the school). In the conclusions, there is a difference in the level of performance of drawing skills among art education teachers in the middle school in Babylon

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المــسؤولية القانونية لمُـهَـرب الأشخاص
The legal liability of a smuggler     الناشرون : هناء جبوري محمد يوسف Hana Jabouri Mohammed Youssef، عباس سلمان محمد علي Abbas Salman Muhammad Ali     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 783-816    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : hanaaalbazi1122@gmail.com,abbas 5566@ gmail.com
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : المهاجرين ، المساهمة الجنائية، المُهرب ، جريمة الاحتيال، جريمة الاتجار بالأشخاص.   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Migrants, Criminal contribution, Smuggle, Crime fraud The crime of trafficking in persons
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The relentless pursuit of criminal networks to increase the sources you earn and the need of many people to the stable livelihood change in search of the better living conditions , led to the establishment of some gangs investing in people wishing to immigrate to ensure Tmrerhm across the border away from the control of the state apparatus , and to ensure their transfer to countries they are interested in procedures , in exchange for large sums of money they receive from the migrants themselves before or after the flight or of their relatives. In spite of the intervention of some gangs in the management and organization of population movements in this sense has been since the first centuries of the vogue of the slave trade , but that the concept of the management of access from one country to another the current face is not so foot which makes us say that the smuggling of people was one of the developments in international law phenomena in domestic legislation , including the organization and appended a par with the criminal acts not only in the past few years . The crime of people smuggling is a serious challenge in today s globalized world, as it affects almost every country in the world and generates huge illegal profits and exploits the stray criminal networks in which the weakness of those looking for a better life, and often inflicts severe damage on them during this process, and over the past decade National and international procedures are guided by the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and the protocols attached thereto, while the Trafficking in Persons Protocol and the Migrant Smuggling Protocol They are the only global instruments that dealt with these crimes in an integrated manner, as they are part of the process of interaction of international instruments that complement each other within the framework of human rights law and international humanitarian law. They should not be viewed in isolation from others, but rather as part of those laws. In fact, the number of people being smuggled every year and the routes and methods used in their smuggling are only partially known. With regard to people smuggling, some progress has been made, although the public picture is still incomplete. There are international efforts underway to develop and propose measurable indicators on people smuggling in the context of the sustainable development goals that are being considered within the framework of the United Nations development plan to enhance knowledge of this serious crime.

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ألكسندر هاملتون ونشاطه السياسي والاقتصادي في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية 1755 - 1804
Alexander Hamilton and his political and economic activities in the United States of America 1755-1804     الناشرون : إيمان صباح احمد محمد الجيلاوي Eman Sabah Ahmed Mohammed Aljelawi     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 759-782    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : Emanaljelawi@Gmail.com
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : وزير الخزانة، الحزب الفيدرالي ، الأوراق الفيدرالية ، 1755   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Minister of Treasury, The Federalist Party, Federal Papers , 1755
590
Alexander Hamilton is an important figure who has gained a strong reputation in American history as one of the founding fathers of the United States of America and the first federal minister of the Treasury in the United States of America for what this ambitious young man brought of political and financial ideas, and he struggled during the beginning of his service to gain American independence in support and advocate for the establishment of a central government. His interest in the economy led to the establishment of the sober financial institution known as the Bank of New York. His term in office during the period 1789-1795 counted for the United States from an important period in American history in general and for the Federalist Party in particular, because it was able to achieve economic prosperity and played a major role in making the states glory. The United States of America, as the United States became in his era a global power through control and expansion across the countries of the world. Alexander Hamilton, through his leadership of the political, economic and social process, and his strong strategy in how he handled political events, proved that he was a first-class nationalist political leader who led the United States with all knowledge and political acumen and thus was able to achieve several victories through his political and economic experience. His ideas also led to the creation of a federal system that emphasizes the strength of the central government. Thus, he was able to achieve a political system that fulfills the aspirations of Americans. The research aims to get acquainted with Alexander Hamilton and the most prominent of what he presented to the United States of America through his role in establishing firm rules through his unique personality and genius through which he contributed to presenting the bid to the United States society, which played a major role in its construction. The research also studies the solution to the problem of the Confederate Union weak links He abandoned this union and found it not achieving the aspirations of the majority of Americans due to the weakness of the central government and the strength of local governments in it, and replacing it with the federal federation that drew up the constitution and achieved many of the achievements and development of the United States of America.

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سبل تعزيز الاستراتيجية الشاملة للمؤسسات الأمنية والعسكرية في العراق بعد 2003
Ways to enhance the comprehensive strategy of Security and Military institutions in Iraq after 2003     الناشرون : علي عبد الخضر محمد المعموري Ali AB. Mohammed Alma amouri     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 729-758    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : drali2864@gmail.com
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : تعزيز الإستراتيجية الشاملة، تطوير الاستراتيجية الامنية في العراق، تطوير الاستراتيجية العسكرية في العراق   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Promote the overall Strategy – Development of the Security Strategy in Iraq – Development of the Military Strategy in Iraq
589
Many academics and specialists in strategic and security affairs follow a theoretical approach in the philosophy of developing institutions related to these affairs, due to the scarcity of research with practical academic meaning that must be applied and the difficulty of keeping pace with developments in that field, in addition to the lack of openness to specialized studies in countries that speak languages. Others, which are difficult to take advantage of, these obstacles are one of the most important obstacles to researchers in the affairs of developing security and military institutions alike, which allows the production of research with a refined theoretical luxury without benefiting from the desired goal of its existence. The research is based on the idea that the security and military establishment in Iraq has gone through many stages since their establishment, as a result of the peaceful and non-peaceful transition of political power, which reflected the overall negative and positive aspects of this transition on those two important institutions, and because the reality of the matter in a country like Iraq requires focusing directly on a problem such as Thus important institutions, many specialists and researchers in this regard found the need to develop them, and it was as a matter of first to develop, strengthen and develop a comprehensive strategy for the state in order to enhance the development of the security and military establishment, as the process of developing the comprehensive strategy needs many resources that enhance their development And from these sources, relying on its diversity and finding other resources and finding solutions within the laid down strategy, there are also components, mechanisms, approaches and approaches that can help in developing the Iraqi security establishment, and the Iraqi military institution has dimensions in its development, including a re-understanding and awareness of the military doctrine, and the conclusion of agreements and treaties It is important to consolidate, support, and develop this important institution.

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تحليل مكاني لواقع المشاريع الصناعية المميزة في كربلاء حسب تصنيف المديرية العامة للتنمية الصناعية لعامي2018-2019
Spatial analysis of the reality of distinctive industrial projects in Karbala, according to the classification of the General Directorate of Industrial Development For the years 2018-2019     الناشرون : سلمى عبد الرزاق عبد لايذ الشبلاوي Salma Abdel Razzaq Abd Laith Al-Shiblawi     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 699-728    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : salma.a@uokerbala.edu.iq
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : مديرية التنمية الصناعية ، صناعة البلولي اثلين ، الالواح العازلة ، الاولفينات   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Industrial Development Directorate, polyethylene industry, insulating panels, olefins
588
This research included studying the reality of distinguished industrial projects in Karbala governorate according to the classification of the General Directorate for Industrial Development and this classification is recent developed by the General Directorate of Industrial Development to include distinctive industrial projects in terms of quality and economic value and they are distributed according to industry categories in 2018 and 2019 and included the most important industrial projects in Iraq and from Including Karbala Governorate, and the number of distinguished industrial projects in Karbala Governorate (5) were projects out of (71) factories distributed throughout Iraq that fall within this classification. Karbala projects were represented by (Bahr Al Arab Factory for the production of sandwich panels (metal and engineering industries), Zamzam Barakat for polyethylene (chemical industries), Ali Hashem Ropes and Yarn Spinning Factory (textile industries), Iraqi dates manufacturing company {pressing and processing of dates} (food industries) Al Bina a Thermistone Factory (Construction Industries)), and these projects are characterized by the expansion of their markets as they did not depend on the local market The province included most of the provinces of Iraq, but it suffered from multiple problems, including the absence of support for the local product by the state, the absence of the application of the law to protect the local product, in addition to the difficulties of introducing raw materials from customs, poor infrastructure, and high energy resource prices, and this necessitated the intervention of the central Iraqi government and governments The local governorates support these distinguished industrial projects, as they are very important for the advancement of the industrial and economic realities of the country Therefore, the study aims to shed light on the reality of the factories included in the classification and the problems they face.

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(جمهرة اللغة) لابن دريد (ت321هـ) دراسة وصفية
(Geamhart al-luagah ) of Ibn Duraid (321H.D) descriptive study      الناشرون : ثابت رحمن فنيخ العامري Thabet R. Fnaik Al Ameri     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 681-698    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : abub33151@gmail.com
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : جمهرة، اللغة، ابن دريد، الأبنية، الأوزان، الأبواب   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Gemharh, Language, Ibn-Duraed, structures Al-Abniyah, Tunes rhymes Al-Awzan, Al- Abwabthe doors.
587
When the compilation of the Arabic dictionaries commenced by in (175H.D) new methods of compilation emerged as well. The linguists carried on, After that, the linguists continued to compile end invent new methods. Such methods were attributed to their original author and many followers were recorded. One of these new generation is Ibn-duraid (321H.D) who tried in his method of the book (Gemhart Al-lugah) to take a consistent style, which gather between the style of Al- Khalil in (Al-Aain) and he style of Abe Omar Al-shaibani in (Al-Jeem) . I has, Ibn-Duraid chose (Al-Teqleebat) system from Al-Khalil and ABC system from Al-Shaibani. As a try to shed a light on the method of Ibn-Duraid and how he managed to compromise between the two styles before, I decided to study the book of (Al-gemharh) via the descriptive method which is regarded as one of the best research methods. Therefore, paper was divides into two levels: the first level: we studied the life of the anther his era the scientific circumstances, the reason for writing the book, the reason for the little, the later books which cited Al-Gemharh, the opinion of the linguists a bowt the book, and finally the impact of Al-gemaharh in the methods of writing dictionaries. The second level: we described the bood, thw method fallowed by Ibn-Duraid and indexing which was in two style: external (Abwab) and internal (Al-Abiyah). Furthermore, we described the searching method for any specific word, the drawbacks of the book. In the end of the paper, we reviewed the main conclusions, bibliography and the index.

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Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  10
النظام الفيدرالي ونشاطه في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية في النصف الثاني من القرن الثامن عشر
The federal system and its activities in the United States of America In the second half of the eighteenth century     الناشرون : إيمان صباح احمد محمد الجيلاوي Eman Sabah Ahmed Mohammed Aljelawi     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 653-680    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : Emanaljelawi@Gmail.com
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : وزير الخزانة, الحزب الفيدرالي,الأوراق الفيدرالية , 1789   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Minister of Treasury, The Federalist Party, Federal Papers, 1789
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The federal system is the first prominent system that contributed to the emergence of the United States of America. It elevated the platform of government in the United States. The Federal Constitution was announced, which defined the mechanisms of central government administration and the organization of the relationship between that government and state governments, and the organization of specializations between them, thus achieving the building of the unity of American society. With development stages from 1787 to the present day. The federal system represents an important communication link, i.e. the mediator between the people and their government (who are responsible for making decisions). It also constitutes a major structure within the structures of the political system that has a role in organizing and managing sectors of society and crystallizing them and providing channels for participation between members of society and obtaining the support of individuals and groups in order to facilitate the goal. Central to the existence of the federal system is access to power and the takeover of power. This system was able to achieve prosperity for the United States of America in all fields by means of organization and continuity through common goals and principles that work together in order to achieve the goals for which it was established and to establish stable relations at the local and national level, and the federal system laws and its amendments have been relied upon as a method of work. To the government and society and was able to show strength and success in many political, economic and social issues. The research aims to identify the federal system, its characteristics, and the most prominent of what it presented to the United States of America, and an attempt to solve the problem of sovereignty conflicts between the federal government and state governments through the American Constitution, which has achieved many achievements for the United States of America.

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أثر استراتيجية قوة التفكير في تنمية مهارات القراءة الواعية عند طالبات الصف الخامس الأدبي
The effect of thinking force strategy in developing the conscious reading skills of fifth- grade literary students     الناشرون : غصون علي حسن Ghusoon Ali Hasan     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 615-652    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : nennonascii@gmail.com
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : استراتيجية قوة التفكير، تنمية، مهارات القراءة الواعية   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : thinking force strategy, developing, the conscious reading skills
585
This research aims to know the effect of the power of thinking strategy on developing the conscious reading skills of literary fifth-grade students, and to achieve the research goal. The researcher followed the procedures of the quasi-experimental approach, as she adopted an experimental design with partial control. By the same way the researcher chose (B)class to represent the experimental group where it is students will learn the perusing topics using the thinking force strategy by (35) students, And Division (A) to represent the control group whose students will study reading topics in the usual way by (34) students, and then the researcher rewarded between the students of the two research groups a statistical equivalence in some variables: (chronological age, intelligence, and the test of conscious reading skills), the experiment was applied in the course The sccond academic year 2017-2018 AD. As for the research tool, the researcher built a test in the conscious reading skills consisting of (25) items of the multiple choice type, and the researcher verified the validity and reliability of the test, and extracted the discriminatory powers, the difficulty coefficients of its items, and the effectiveness of its incorrect alternatives. On the students of the research sample, the researcher used a set of statistical methods, and after processing the data statistically, the research found that there was a statistically significant difference in testing the conscious reading skills in favor of the experimental group at a significance level (0.05). In light of the research result, the researcher concluded a set of conclusions It also recommended a set of recommendations, and suggested a set of proposals as an extension of the research to complement it

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Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  10
انحراف الحملة الصليبية الرابعة (1202- 1204) (الأسباب والنتائج)
Deterioration of the Fourth Crusade (1202-1204) (causes and consequences)     الناشرون : كمال سليح Kamel Slih     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 597-614    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : kamel.slih@gmail.com
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : الحملة الصليبية الرابعة – الامبراطورية البيزنطية – البابوية - البندقية – عائلة ألكسوس   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Fourth Crusade - Byzantine Empire - Papacy - Venice - Alexus Family
584
This research paper deals with an aspect of the Crusades - the Fourth Crusade as a model (1202-1204) - which constituted an exceptional case in the relationship between East and West Latinos, due to its deviation from its original goal of occupying Egypt and breaking the Muslims thorn and then heading to a home However, what happened was not so, so that we dealt in some detail with the economic reasons and focused on Venice for several considerations, then we touched on the religious reasons represented, especially in the tense relationship that existed between the Western Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox, and then we dealt with in the third point the political reasons represented In the Western hatred against the Byzantine Empire, and it was the beginning of the deviation of the campaign from its original and planned course before the launch of the occupation of the city of Zara, and from there the campaign headed towards and occupied Constantinople, and this resulted in several consequences, both on the Western world as this deviation and the occupation of Constantinople was a compromise solution that satisfied even temporarily All parties participating in the campaign, as for the Islamic world, especially Egypt, survived the campaign, which, if it reached it, could not be foreseen in the results that will result. Moreover, and despite what has been said and written about the deviation of the Fourth Crusade, the reasons for that deviation are still today of great interest to researchers.

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Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  20
واقع ممارسة الباحثين لاستراتيجيات ونماذج التقويم في تقويم برامج التعليم والتدريب في الدراسات البحثية العربية
The reality of researchers practice of evaluation strategies and models in evaluating education and training programs In Arab Research Studies     الناشرون : عبد الرحمن عبد العزيز الشعيبي Abdulrahman Alshuaibi، محمد ناجي محرز التباليMuhammad Al-Tabali     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 569-596    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : aalshuaibi@ksu.edu.sa,maltbali@yahoo.com
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : تقويم البرامج، نماذج واستراتيجيات التقويم، صعوبات تقويم البرامج   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Programs evaluation, Evaluation models & strategies, Difficulties of evaluating programs
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The study aimed to investigate the reality of researchers practice of strategies and evaluation models in evaluating educational and training programs, and reasons that impede researchers to employ strategies and models of evaluating educational and training programs. It used a mixed approach to study the phenomenon. The sample consisted 329 evaluation studies in 16 Arab countries. The study used a content analysis card and an interviews conducted on seven experts in educational administration, measurement and evaluation. The results revealed that many evaluation studies were conducted without evaluation models strategies and references 309 studies (93.9%), while fewer evaluation studies based on models 20 studies (6.1%). The study revealed that "questionnaire" is the most tool used in the practice of researchers in evaluating programs, and a large percentage of them were used by the university professor, and they appeared greatly in studies published in scientific journals. The study found that the more diverse the research tools are, the less likely be used by researchers in evaluating programs. The evaluation of reaction and opinion was the purpose of evaluating programs in studies that were not based on models (86.3%), and studies based on models (4.6%). The personal interviews revealed reasons for the lack of researchers employing evaluation models and strategies, including: small number of researchers in a project, ignorance and weaken academic background, cost and effort, diversity of the required tools, difficulties in designing and integrating analysis, and the lack of clarity in the procedures used for the models.

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الأوبئة والكوارث والانعكاس السياسي للمفهوم في الأدب العبري الحديث (دراسة نقدية)
Epidemics, disasters, and the political reflection of the concept in modern Hebrew literature (Critical study)     الناشرون : عذاب حميد ذيب Adhab Hamid Theeb     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 539-568    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : Athab.hamed@uoanbar.edu.iq
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : وباء، كارثة، عازف هاملين، البير كامو، الطاعون الاسود، كورونا، حرب أكتوبر   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Pandemic, disaster, Hamlin player, Albert Camus, Black Plague, Corona, October War Metrics
582
Epidemics, disasters, and the political reflection of the concept in modernHebrew literature(Critical study) Since creation, man has been the being that moves in nature, documenting in his literary writings his feelings and all the good that nature gives and the disasters and plagues imposed on it.Literature in various peoples has documented this situation. It has become an important global form when needed to know the educational history of these peoples, through which it monitors the movements of their societies in social, economic and political aspects in general. and It also showed through the research that the concept of the epidemic and the disaster was affected and politically reflected through the events that the Jews lived in in the modern era before the establishment of (Israel). According to their description the reflection it represents on the aspects of life, our need came in our research to pause at this observation in Hebrew literature as one of the literatures that have documented this phenomenon throughout the ages, with a focus on its modern stage. Here, the issue of the epidemic and the disaster has taken a form of isolation and overlap, so that another matter is intended in its impact and effect equal to the strength of the epidemic or disaster, and in some cases the intended epidemic is specific; As a result of a sin or punishment that befell them for an act they committed, according to what is stated in the literature of the Old Testament and according to their comments and interpretations, or that the act of goodness is linked to them in their charity to avoid every epidemic that makes their lives threatened with annihilation

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Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  17
المعاشرة في ضوء الآيات و الروايات
Socializing in the light of verses and hadiths     الناشرون : مينا شمخي Mina Shamkhi     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 517-538    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : m.shamkhi@scu.ac.ir
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : القرآن، الروايات، الآداب الاجتماعية، المزاج الجيّد، السلوك   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Quran, narrations, social etiquette, good mood, behavior
581
There is no doubt that the necessity of realizing the philosophy of creating the world of possibility, that is, worshiping and knowing the origin of the universe, is in the permanence and survival of the human race. On the other hand, given the emergence of differences between human beings that are rooted in desires and physical inclinations, it seems necessary to devise a basic plan for a peaceful coexistence for the sake of the realization of humanity, in light of which the supreme goal of creation falls. Social relationships, in addition to their tremendous impact on a person s psyche and mood, also have a striking effect on society. The stronger and more stable a person’s personality, the greater his influence on society. Reducing or increasing a person s sphere of influence in society is closely related to their characteristics and attributes. Islam, being the most complete religions, has taken into consideration all aspects of human existence and provided the best programs and principles in human relations. Therefore, for the person looking for the best principles of social communication with others, it is best to review and use this comprehensive program for that. There are various factors that influence the development of good cohabitation that brings happiness in both lives. Among them is honoring the personality of others in words and deeds, concern for people’s affairs and accompanying good deeds, and… an important point in Islamic ethics is a sense of cooperation and interaction, rendering service to human beings, especially the believers and the righteous. In order to achieve this purpose, it is necessary to derive its foundations and indications from the noble verses and Islamic narrations. Part of the advice of the guardians of God is closely related to social etiquette, and the main goal of this article is to explain these principles and manners. This study is directed towards studying this topic through the descriptive-analytical approach. Also, library resources based on verses and narrations were used. In this study, the contents are presented in two sections: The first topic introduces the principles of socialization that refer to social etiquette in general, and the second topic deals with some of the orders of the infallible in their relationships with others.

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Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  12
روسيا القيصرية في عهد ايفان الرابع 1533 -1584م
Tsarist Russia during the reign of Tsar Ivan IV 1533-1584 AD     الناشرون : نادية جاسم كاظم علي الشمري Nadia Jasem Kadhim Ali Al-Shammari     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 479-516    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : nadiajasem654@gmail.com
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : ايفان الرابع ، السياسة الخارجية، علاقات دبلوماسية ، روسيا القيصرية ، الاصلاحات الداخلية ، العنف   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : Ivan IV, Foreign Policy , Diplomatic Relations, Tsarist Russia , Internal reforms, Violence
580
According to the study, Russia s basic problem is that it is isolated and far from international trade and navigation. It has no coasts except on the Arctic Ocean, an ice sea whose waters are frozen most of the year, and the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea are closed. The sea and find an external outlet by controlling the sea especially the Baltic Sea, the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea in order to reach the warm waters. Emperor IV showed a remarkable ability as a qualified and qualified statesman, distinguished by his knowledge and insight, and with remarkable talent, perseverance and perseverance in fighting the enemies of the Russian state, especially Sweden and Poland, which controlled the Baltic Sea and keen on its political and economic interests. His military plans and expansionist policy to open a window to his country overlooking the seas to rid his country of geographical isolation. The study revealed that The Tsar IV had achieved political success as a result of his overthrow of the vast fertile land adjacent to the Volga Kazan and Astrakhan. The Volga River has become a purely Russian channel, A new impetus to the development of the Russian state. The Tsar followed the policy of violence and cruelty and killed and looted all the cities he passed through. He stripped the clerics of all their privileges and preferred a certain class to another class without taking into account the demands of the Russian society and restricting their political and cultural freedoms. Most of the cities he took over to strengthen the military establishment at the expense of others, which led to the spread of hatred, hatred and hostility among his people, was supposed to make all his efforts to achieve solidarity and love among the classes of Russian society, because solidarity and meet the needs of the people of his country leads to the sovereignty a Security, stability and unity will lead to breaking the thorn of enemies in the territory of the Russian state. The study explained that The study showed that the Russian Tsar made all his efforts to realize Russia s political ambitions. The 25-year-old Livonian War (1558-1583) fought for an outlet to the Baltic The 15-year-old Leviticus War (1558-1583) was used to secure access to the Baltic Sea. The Russians lost their land in the Gulf of Finland, and it turned out that the Russian state was not there at the time. And Russia will continue its wars against the enemies to complete its expansion plans towards the sea and to establish diplomatic, political and economic relations with the countries of the world.

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Reseach عدد مرات التحميل:  13
دراما الطفل وأهميتها في بناء الشخصية
Child drama and its importance in building     الناشرون : مكي محمد حسون Maki Muhammad Hasoon     المجلد: 11 / العدد : 2
سنـة النشر : 2021 , الصفحات داخل العدد 455-478    البريد الالكتروني للباحث : makke.hason@qu.edu.iq
الكلمات الدلالية باللغة العربية : دراما الطفل، النص الدرامي، القيم والاتجاهات التربوية، الدراما الموجه للطفل، القيم التربوية والاجتماعية، بناء شخصية الطفل، معايير الطفولة، التربية والتعليم، الوظيفة التربوية، تنمية شخصية الطفل. اهمية الطفولة، توفر القيم في نصوص دراما الطفل   الكلمات الدلالية باللغة الانكليزية : child drama, drama text, educational values and trends, drama directed at the child, educational and social values, building the character of the child, standards of childhood, education, educational function, development of the child s personality, the importance of childhood, child drama texts
579
Child drama texts contribut signfl cantly to making the childs personality gain the skills that are in cluded in some dramas, suchas plays direted to them. In addition to their ascguisl tional values and contents, honesty and respesty for others, because the content of dramas directes at children placesints primary interests asecerch for guality in order to achieve the goals, as sought by the educationa process, whether with in the family oreducational institutions related to the upbringing of the child, therefore, the childs, drama seeks to accomplish dramatic actions that are appropriate to each stage of child hood and have Intel ectual, educational and behavioral impilcations. The rachitic text is one if the most important of these besic elements that constitute thecltrical work in achild thellter, because of the content it represents in terms of educatioual values and attitudes and patterns of behavior to be instilled in children it is one of the pillars of the theovtrica text and it is most important function. This means that theatrical art directed at the child proceeds to emphasize his educational and social role, as it helps to achieve the unity of the behavioral standards of the individual, as it carries an educational and educational discourse aimed at providing children with educational, moral, artistic and aesthetic values, through the use of the appropriate method of reception for them, which always variesof utmost importance to the child, as all the educational and aesthetic values transmitted by the dramatic text directed to the child affect the aesthetic formation of the child and awaken the sense of beauty in him and lead to a kind of integration in the personal behavior of the child, The aesthetic value is subject to its educational function, since it explodes within it all the energies of goodness, that the sense of beauty and the taste of it in the child is not safe during the presentation of good and influential theatrical works on the character of the child, and the idea must be present in the dramatic text directed to the child and be clear that arouses the interest and feelings of the child , As well as the method of presenting it in an attractive way that includes the elements of dazzling through the dramatic text, and that its events are within the limits of the reasonable and familiar and that they are within the imagination of the child and the basic idea, goal or content is cautiously and knowledgeable because the child is sensitive and intelligent, and that there are noble and respectful goals and objectives that fall within the tributaries The humanity that contributes to giving high educational ideals and values, as it arouses the child s interest, attracts his attention and excites, and brings him closer to the realities of life.

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